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The mast is a cylindrical metal shaft that extends upwards from the transmission. The rotor consists of a mast, hub and rotor blades. A rotor system may be mounted horizontally, as main rotors are, providing lift vertically, or it may be mounted vertically, such as a tail rotor, to provide horizontal thrust to counteract torque from the main rotors. The rotor system, or more simply rotor, is the rotating part of a helicopter that generates lift. In the United States military, the common slang is "helo" pronounced with a long "e". English language nicknames for "helicopter" include "chopper", "copter", "heli", and "whirlybird".
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The English word helicopter is adapted from the French word hélicoptère, coined by Gustave Ponton d'Amécourt in 1861, which originates from the Greek helix ( ἕλιξ) "helix, spiral, whirl, convolution" and pteron ( πτερόν) "wing". 3.2 Transition from hover to forward flight.Quadrotor helicopters ( quadcopters) were pioneered as early as 1907 in France, and along with other types of multicopters have been developed mainly for specialized applications such as drones. However, twin-main rotor helicopters (bicopters), in either tandem or transverse rotors configurations, are sometimes in use due to their greater payload capacity than the monorotor design, and coaxial-rotor, tiltrotor and compound helicopters are also all flying today. unicopter, not to be confused with the single-blade monocopter) has become the most common helicopter configuration. Īlthough most earlier designs used more than one main rotor, the configuration of a single main rotor accompanied by a vertical anti-torque tail rotor (i.e. In 1942, the Sikorsky R-4 became the first helicopter to reach full-scale production. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of STOL (Short TakeOff and Landing) or STOVL (Short TakeOff and Vertical Landing) aircraft cannot perform without runway. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors.